基于電磁耦合陣列定位的無(wú)線(xiàn)電能傳輸裝置設(shè)計(jì)

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title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列定位的無(wú)線(xiàn)電能傳輸技術(shù)，并在此基礎(chǔ)上完成了對(duì)該裝置的開(kāi)發(fā)與研制。通過(guò)微處理器完成對(duì)環(huán)形電磁耦合陣列線(xiàn)圈與接收線(xiàn)圈耦合度的檢測(cè)，只對(duì)耦合度最高的線(xiàn)圈供電，使得用電設(shè)備無(wú)論處于何種方向,總有一個(gè)發(fā)送線(xiàn)圈與用電設(shè)備的接收線(xiàn)圈接近于全耦合。避免了電能浪費(fèi)和電磁輻射，實(shí)現(xiàn)了用電設(shè)備可以在一定范圍任意移動(dòng)，保證了電能傳輸?shù)母咝省?br />關(guān)鍵詞： 無(wú)線(xiàn)電能傳輸； 電磁耦合陣列； 傳輸效率； 電磁耦合； 傳輸距離

隨著用電設(shè)備的增加，電線(xiàn)和插座也隨之大量制造和使用，造成大量物質(zhì)和能源的消耗，導(dǎo)致環(huán)境污染。傳統(tǒng)電能傳輸采用有線(xiàn)傳輸方式,但在很多場(chǎng)合并不適用，如深海作業(yè)機(jī)器人、心臟起搏器、磁懸浮列車(chē)等[1-3]。電能無(wú)線(xiàn)傳輸一直是人類(lèi)的夢(mèng)想,國(guó)內(nèi)外科學(xué)家在此領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行了不斷的研究與探索。
目前，無(wú)線(xiàn)電能傳輸主要有三種方式[4-5]：(1)微波電能傳輸方式。該方式利用無(wú)線(xiàn)電波收發(fā)原理，通過(guò)對(duì)載波進(jìn)行調(diào)制與解調(diào)實(shí)現(xiàn)傳輸電能，傳輸功率只能在幾毫瓦至一百毫瓦之間，應(yīng)用范圍不大；(2)電磁感應(yīng)無(wú)線(xiàn)電能傳輸方式。該方式利用變壓器原副邊耦合原理，通過(guò)交變電場(chǎng)和磁場(chǎng)傳輸電能，傳輸功率大、效率高，但距離很近,僅在1 cm內(nèi)，目前已在軌道交通等方面應(yīng)用；(3)諧振耦合電能無(wú)線(xiàn)傳輸方式,它是前兩種的綜合方式。該方式利用電路中電感電容諧振原理傳輸電能，理論上電能的傳輸功率、傳輸距離不受限制。
　 本文提出了一種基于電磁耦合陣列定位的無(wú)線(xiàn)電能傳輸技術(shù)，并在此基礎(chǔ)上完成了對(duì)該裝置的研制。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，通過(guò)微處理器完成對(duì)環(huán)形電磁耦合陣列線(xiàn)圈與接收線(xiàn)圈耦合度的檢測(cè)，控制只對(duì)耦合度最高的線(xiàn)圈供電，使得用電設(shè)備無(wú)論處于何種方向，總有一個(gè)發(fā)送線(xiàn)圈與用電設(shè)備的接收線(xiàn)圈接近于全耦合，保證了電能傳輸?shù)母咝省?br />1 諧振耦合模型
　 為了便于分析諧振耦合過(guò)程的發(fā)生，本文僅取一組發(fā)生諧振耦合的收發(fā)線(xiàn)圈LS與LD進(jìn)行等效電路分析。由于功率發(fā)送設(shè)備采用的均為高頻信號(hào)發(fā)射[6]，所以收發(fā)線(xiàn)圈的寄生電阻和電容是不可忽視的，其等效模型如圖1所示。其中D表示收發(fā)線(xiàn)圈之間的距離，M表示收發(fā)線(xiàn)圈之間的互感系數(shù)。

本文提出的基于電磁耦合陣列定位的無(wú)線(xiàn)電能傳輸技術(shù)，在設(shè)計(jì)中加入了由多個(gè)發(fā)送線(xiàn)圈組成的電磁耦合陣列，再經(jīng)控制系統(tǒng)搜索耦合程度最大的線(xiàn)圈,從而鎖定由該線(xiàn)圈獨(dú)立供電，使無(wú)線(xiàn)電能傳輸過(guò)程中的效率始終保持最高。
2 電磁耦合陣列定位
基于電磁耦合陣列定位的無(wú)線(xiàn)電能傳輸裝置整體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)如圖2所示。通過(guò)微處理器控制電磁耦合陣列中每個(gè)線(xiàn)圈單獨(dú)供電并檢測(cè)供電電流，由微處理器搜索到耦合程度最大的線(xiàn)圈從而鎖定由該線(xiàn)圈獨(dú)立供電。接收線(xiàn)圈通過(guò)電磁感應(yīng)接收能量,并通過(guò)橋式整流器給用電設(shè)備供電。電磁耦合陣列由多個(gè)發(fā)送線(xiàn)圈組成，其空間結(jié)構(gòu)如圖3所示。

微處理器完成數(shù)據(jù)采集與控制指令的發(fā)出，電磁耦合陣列與接收線(xiàn)圈之間形成電磁耦合，接收線(xiàn)圈通過(guò)橋式整流器將接收到的交流信號(hào)進(jìn)行整流。A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器將整流后的直流電壓送入微處理器進(jìn)行分析與處理，最后由微處理器送出控制指令。電磁耦合陣列電氣連接圖如圖4所示。