單片機使用HTTP POST方式發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)
[導(dǎo)讀]HTTP請求是依賴TCP的，也就是在單片機上面，我們一樣可以使用，無非就是先發(fā)送一個http請求頭，再發(fā)送正文，比如我最近就使用了http post方式發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)到服務(wù)器，服務(wù)器端使用的是WEB API
HTTP請求是依賴TCP的，也就是在單片機上面，我們一樣可以使用，無非就是先發(fā)送一個http請求頭，再發(fā)送正文，比如我最近就使用了http post方式發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)到服務(wù)器，服務(wù)器端使用的是WEB API，單片機使用的STM32 與SIM800C，SIM800C使用GPRS連接服務(wù)器，采用透傳方式，TCP連接，在這里就不講述TCP連接方式了，假設(shè)你已經(jīng)會使用TCP方式連接服務(wù)器，并發(fā)送數(shù)了。
以下代碼只會教會你怎么發(fā)起http請求，具體的發(fā)送接口底層這里不做說明，以及json打包等操作也不做說明，json打包就是不停的使用sprintf即可。
#define?POST_VER "1.00" //此處必須是浮點或整數(shù)
#define?POST_REAL_DATA_STRING "RealData" //實時數(shù)據(jù)上報定義
#define?POST_API_URL "/api/RTU_DataInterface" //接口地址
//POST請求的http頭信息,參數(shù)1：API地址，參數(shù)2：服務(wù)器IP，參數(shù)3：后續(xù)數(shù)據(jù)長度
static?const?char?*const?HTTP_POST_HEAD?=?
{
"POST?%s?HTTP/1.1rn
Content-Type:?application/x-www-form-urlencoded;?charset=UTF-8rn
X-Requested-With:?XMLHttpRequestrn
Host:?%srn
Content-Length:?%drn
Expect:?100-continuern
Connection:?Keep-Alivern"?//最后面必須空一行
}//發(fā)送http post請求
/*************************************************************************************************************************
*?函數(shù) : bool?POST_SendHttpHead(POST_HANDLE?*pHandle,?u16?DataLen)
*?功能 : 發(fā)送http?POST請求頭
*?參數(shù) : pHandle:句柄；AcqTime:觀測時間;pData:實時數(shù)據(jù)指針；SerialNumber：流水號；AlarmStatus:報警定義
*?返回 : 長度
*?依賴 : 無
*?作者 : cp1300@139.com
*?時間 : 2018-02-04
*?最后修改時間 :? 2018-02-04
*?說明 :? 將報文打包寫入到了pPackDataBuff中
*************************************************************************************************************************/?
bool?POST_SendHttpHead(POST_HANDLE?*pHandle,?u16?DataLen)
{
int?len;
char?IpBuff[16];
if(pHandle->pHttpHeadDataBuff?==?NULL)?DEBUG("pHttpHeadDataBuff未初始化rn");
HTTP_POST_GetHost(IpBuff,?pHandle->SendDataTelAttr.CentralIndex); //獲取服務(wù)器ip
len?=?sprintf((char?*)pHandle->pHttpHeadDataBuff,?HTTP_POST_HEAD,?POST_API_URL,?IpBuff,?DataLen); //http請求頭打包
uart_printf("http頭(%dB)：%srn",len,?(char*)pHandle->pHttpHeadDataBuff);
return?pHandle->pSendData(pHandle->pHttpHeadDataBuff,?len);
}//獲取指定服務(wù)器的IP地址
u8?HTTP_POST_GetHost(char?*pIpBuff,?u8?ServerIndex)
{
u16?ip[4];
if(ServerIndex?>?3)?
{
return?sprintf(pIpBuff,?"localhost");
}
ip[0]=atoi(&g_SYS_Config.ServerIP[ServerIndex][0]);
ip[1]=atoi(&g_SYS_Config.ServerIP[ServerIndex][4]);
ip[2]=atoi(&g_SYS_Config.ServerIP[ServerIndex][8]);
ip[3]=atoi(&g_SYS_Config.ServerIP[ServerIndex][12]);
return?sprintf(pIpBuff,"%d.%d.%d.%d",ip[0],ip[1],ip[2],ip[3]);
}//這里面句柄什么的，發(fā)送接口什么的忽略掉，你只要知道打包方式，這個報文長度什么的非常重要。
/*************************************************************************************************************************
*?函數(shù) : u16?POST_RealDataPackage(POST_HANDLE?*pHandle,??tm?*pAcqTime,REAL_DATA?*pData,?u16?SerialNumber)
*?功能 : 實時數(shù)據(jù)打包(正文打包)
*?參數(shù) : pHandle:句柄；AcqTime:觀測時間;pData:實時數(shù)據(jù)指針；SerialNumber：流水號；AlarmStatus:報警定義
*?返回 : 長度
*?依賴 : 無
*?作者 : cp1300@139.com
*?時間 : 2018-02-04
*?最后修改時間 :? 2018-02-04
*?說明 :? 將報文打包寫入到了pPackDataBuff中，注意：一定要在最后面增加一個換行符，這樣每次發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)時服務(wù)器才不會斷開連接
*************************************************************************************************************************/?
u16?POST_RealDataPackage(POST_HANDLE?*pHandle,tm?*pAcqTime,REAL_DATA?*pData,?u16?SerialNumber)
{
u16?len?=?0;
char?*pTextBuff?=?(char?*)?pHandle->pPackDataBuff;
//報文格式?flag=1&ver=1.00&type=RealData&SERIAL=1&ST=1510260128&UT=2018-02-04?15:24:32&data={"ST":"1510260128","TT":"2018-02-04?18:00:00","Z":1.234,"VT":12.56,"ZT":128}
//http頭與后面數(shù)據(jù)分開發(fā)送的時候，要先發(fā)送一個換行，但是這個換行不算總長度
len?+=?sprintf(&pTextBuff[len],"rn"); //前面增加一個換行-不要弄掉了，掉了會出現(xiàn)各種問題
len?+=?sprintf(&pTextBuff[len],"flag=%d&",1); //數(shù)據(jù)上傳標(biāo)識符1
len?+=?sprintf(&pTextBuff[len],"ver=%s&",POST_VER); //通信協(xié)議版本，用于后續(xù)升級的兼容
len?+=?sprintf(&pTextBuff[len],"type=%s&",POST_REAL_DATA_STRING); //報文類型：實時數(shù)據(jù)
len?+=?sprintf(&pTextBuff[len],"SERIAL=%d&",SerialNumber); //流水號
len?+=?sprintf(&pTextBuff[len],"ST=%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X&",pHandle->SendDataTelAttr.TelNumber[0],pHandle->SendDataTelAttr.TelNumber[1],
pHandle->SendDataTelAttr.TelNumber[2],pHandle->SendDataTelAttr.TelNumber[3],pHandle->SendDataTelAttr.TelNumber[4]); //站點編號
len?+=?sprintf(&pTextBuff[len],"UT=%04d-%02d-%02d?%02d:%02d:%02d&",timer.w_year,?timer.w_month,?timer.w_date,?timer.hour,?timer.min,?timer.sec);//發(fā)報時間
len?+=?sprintf(&pTextBuff[len],"data={"); //報文正文
//前面固定為ST?與?TT
len?+=?sprintf(&pTextBuff[len],""ST":"%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X",",pHandle->SendDataTelAttr.TelNumber[0],pHandle->SendDataTelAttr.TelNumber[1],
pHandle->SendDataTelAttr.TelNumber[2],pHandle->SendDataTelAttr.TelNumber[3],pHandle->SendDataTelAttr.TelNumber[4]); //站點編號
len?+=?sprintf(&pTextBuff[len],""TT":"%04d-%02d-%02d?%02d:%02d:%02d",",pAcqTime->w_year,?pAcqTime->w_month,?pAcqTime->w_date,?pAcqTime->hour,?pAcqTime->min,?0); //采集時間
//打包所有要素數(shù)據(jù)
len?+=?JSON_RealDataPackage(&pTextBuff[len],?pData,?pAcqTime); //實時數(shù)據(jù)打包為JSON(正文打包)
len?+=?sprintf(&pTextBuff[len],"}");
return?len;
}//上面是正文數(shù)據(jù)打包，自己根據(jù)需要實現(xiàn)json就行。
//下面就是發(fā)送了，先發(fā)送請求頭，里面包含了報文正文的長度，請求頭與報文正文之間有個換行，但是不算總長度，這個非常重要，沒有控制好就會導(dǎo)致發(fā)送完成后服務(wù)器斷開了，或者是不能收到服務(wù)器響應(yīng)等各種情況
/*************************************************************************************************************************
*?函數(shù) : POST_COMM_ERROR?POST_SendRealDataPackge(POST_HANDLE?*pHandle,?tm?*pAcqTime,REAL_DATA?*pData,?u16?SerialNumber)
*?功能 : 發(fā)送實時數(shù)據(jù)
*?參數(shù) : pHandle:協(xié)議棧句柄；pConnectData:POST連接結(jié)構(gòu)指針；pAcqTime:發(fā)報時間;pData:實時數(shù)據(jù)指針;SerialNumber：流水號；
*?返回 : RTU_ERROR
*?依賴 : 無
*?作者 : cp1300@139.com
*?時間 : 2018-02-01
*?最后修改時間 :? 2018-02-01
*?說明 :?
*************************************************************************************************************************/?
POST_COMM_ERROR?POST_SendRealDataPackge(POST_HANDLE?*pHandle,?tm?*pAcqTime,REAL_DATA?*pData,?u16?SerialNumber)
{
u16?ByteNum?=?0;
u8?retry?;
int?len;
u16?ReceiveDelay;
u8?*pRxData; //注意：接收數(shù)據(jù)的緩沖區(qū)與發(fā)送的一般是共用的，為了節(jié)省內(nèi)存
if(SerialNumber?==?0) //需要自動流水號
{
SerialNumber?=?pHandle->SerialNumberAdd(pHandle->SendDataTelAttr.CentralIndex); //流水號增加
}
for(retry?=?0;retry?<?pHandle->SendRetry;?retry?++) //失敗重試
{
ByteNum?=?POST_RealDataPackage(pHandle,?pAcqTime,?pData,?SerialNumber); //數(shù)據(jù)正文打包
if(ByteNum?<?2)?return?POST_COMM_DATA_ERROR;
POST_SendHttpHead(pHandle,?ByteNum-2); //發(fā)送http?POST請求頭-數(shù)據(jù)長度-2，去掉前面的2個換行符
uart_printf("正文(%dB)：%srn",ByteNum,?(char*)pHandle->pPackDataBuff);
OSTimeDlyHMSM(0,0,0,500); //發(fā)送頭部信息后延時500毫秒
pHandle->pSendData(pHandle->pPackDataBuff,?ByteNum); //發(fā)送后續(xù)正文數(shù)據(jù)
//等待接收數(shù)據(jù)
len?=?pHandle->pReadData(&pRxData,?20,?pHandle->RxTimeOutMs,?&ReceiveDelay); //接收數(shù)據(jù)
if(len?<?0)
{
uart_printf("[POST?ERROR]:服務(wù)器異常的斷開了連接rn");
return?POST_COMM_LINGK_ERROR;
}
else?if(len?<=?3)
{
uart_printf("[POST?ERROR]:等待服務(wù)器返回數(shù)據(jù)超時rn");
continue;
}
else?
{
pRxData[len]?=?0; //增加結(jié)束符
uart_printf("[POST]:服務(wù)器返回數(shù)據(jù)(%dms)：rn%srn",?ReceiveDelay,?pRxData);
return?POST_COMM_OK;
}
}
uart_printf("[POST?ERROR]:發(fā)送超時rn");
return?POST_COMM_TIME_OUT;
}//東西有點亂，只著重看請求頭打包以及請求頭發(fā)送與正文發(fā)送就行。
服務(wù)器上webapi核心，接收數(shù)據(jù)后進(jìn)行判斷，存儲，響應(yīng)操作
?//?POST?api/rtu_datainterface
????????public?HttpResponseMessage?Post([FromBody]UploadDataStruct?data)
????????{
????????????//數(shù)據(jù)解析
????????????try
????????????{
????????????????if?(data.flag?!=?1?||?data.type?==?null?||?data.SERIAL?==?0?||?data.ST?==?null?||?data.ST.Length?!=?10?||?data.UT?==?null)
????????????????{
????????????????????return?null;????//數(shù)據(jù)無效
????????????????}
????????????????if?(data.type?==?"RealData")??//上傳實時數(shù)據(jù)
????????????????{
????????????????????if?(data.data?!=?null)
????????????????????????SystemLog.Write(data.ST?+?"?t"?+?data.data);
????????????????????//響應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)
????????????????????return?new?HttpResponseMessage
????????????????????{
????????????????????????Content?=?new?StringContent(
????????????????????????????StaticJson.DefaultResponseJsonStructPack(1,?"1510260128",?DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd?hh:mm:ss")),
????????????????????????????System.Text.Encoding.UTF8,?"application/json")
????????????????????};
????????????????}
????????????????else?return?null;
?????????
????????????}
????????????catch?(Exception?e)
????????????{
????????????????return?null;
????????????}
???????????
????????}//最后收到的數(shù)據(jù)
2018-03-18?07:57:34? 2018030301? {"ST":"2018030301","TT":"2018-03-18?08:00:00","Z":3.098,"ZB":3.098,"SBL1":0.000,"SBL2":0.000,"VA":0.000,"VJ":0.000,"PD":0.0,"PJ":0.0,"PT":8.0,"PN01":0.0,"PN05":0.0,"PN10":0.0,"PN30":0.0,"P1":0.0,"DTEMP":15.4,"SIGNAL":40.0,"VT":12.19}
2018-03-18?08:07:37? 2018030301? {"ST":"2018030301","TT":"2018-03-18?08:05:00","Z":3.098,"ZB":3.098,"SBL1":0.000,"SBL2":0.000,"VA":0.000,"VJ":0.000,"PJ":0.0,"PT":8.0,"PN01":0.0,"PN05":0.0,"DTEMP":15.5,"SIGNAL":62.0,"VT":12.21}
2018-03-18?08:07:39? 2018030301? {"ST":"2018030301","TT":"2018-03-18?08:10:00","Z":3.099,"ZB":3.099,"SBL1":0.000,"SBL2":0.000,"VA":0.000,"VJ":0.000,"PJ":0.0,"PT":8.0,"PN01":0.0,"PN05":0.0,"PN10":0.0,"DTEMP":15.4,"SIGNAL":62.0,"VT":12.22}
2018-03-18?08:17:34? 2018030301? {"ST":"2018030301","TT":"2018-03-18?08:15:00","Z":3.098,"ZB":3.098,"SBL1":0.000,"SBL2":0.000,"VA":0.000,"VJ":0.000,"PJ":0.0,"PT":8.0,"PN01":0.0,"PN05":0.0,"DTEMP":15.5,"SIGNAL":43.0,"VT":12.24}
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