1、簡介
簡單工廠方法定義一個用于創(chuàng)建對象的類,該類接受一個參數(shù),通過參數(shù)決定創(chuàng)建不同的對象。
GOF并沒有把簡單工廠方法定義為23種設(shè)計模式之一,可以認為簡單工廠方法是工廠方法的簡化形式。
為了體現(xiàn)簡單工廠方法和工廠方法的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系,此處把簡單工廠方法先單獨講一下。
2、模擬場景
假設(shè)你要生產(chǎn)電腦,電腦由硬盤、內(nèi)存條、CPU、主板的部件組成。你為了保證供應(yīng)鏈可靠,每種部件都選擇了至少兩家供應(yīng)商。比如:
硬盤供應(yīng)商 seagate、Toshiba
內(nèi)存條供應(yīng)商 SAMSUNG、Crucial
CPU供應(yīng)商 intel、AMD
主板供應(yīng)商 intel、AMD
此處列出多個部件是為了后面講解工廠方法、抽象工廠方法時使用同一個模擬場景。本章講簡單工廠方法暫時不需要涉及這么多部件,所以僅以硬盤這一個部件為例進行講解。
3、實現(xiàn)的思路
硬盤就是要創(chuàng)建的對象(即:產(chǎn)品)。為了讓不同供應(yīng)商提供的硬盤可以通用,要定義一個硬盤產(chǎn)品類,并讓不同供應(yīng)商的硬盤都繼承硬盤產(chǎn)品類的接口。
還需要定義一個創(chuàng)建硬盤對象的類(即:工廠)。工廠類根據(jù)參數(shù)決定創(chuàng)建哪家供應(yīng)商的硬盤對象。
4、實現(xiàn)硬盤對象創(chuàng)建
參與者:
(1)Product: HardDisk 定義硬盤對象的接口
(2)Concrete Product: SeagateHardDisk, ToshibaHardDisk 實現(xiàn)不同供應(yīng)商的硬盤
(3)SimpleFactory: HardDiskFactory 根據(jù)參數(shù),創(chuàng)建不同供應(yīng)商的硬盤對象
UML:
HardDisk代碼示例:
hard_disk.h:
#ifndef HARD_DISK_H #define HARD_DISK_H struct HardDisk { void (*Operation)(struct HardDisk *this);
}; #endif
SeagateHardDisk代碼示例:
seagate_hard_disk.h:
#ifndef SEAGATE_HARD_DISK_H #define SEAGATE_HARD_DISK_H #include "hard_disk.h" struct SeagateHardDisk { struct HardDisk hardDisk; }; // 構(gòu)造函數(shù) void SeagateHardDisk(struct SeagateHardDisk *this); // 析構(gòu)函數(shù) void _SeagateHardDisk(struct SeagateHardDisk *this); #endif
seagate_hard_disk.c:
#include "seagate_hard_disk.h" #include "stdio.h" void SeagateOperation(struct SeagateHardDisk *this) { printf("這是 Seagate 硬盤\n");
} void SeagateHardDisk(struct SeagateHardDisk *this) { this->hardDisk.Operation = (void(*)(struct HardDisk *))SeagateOperation;
} void _SeagateHardDisk(struct SeagateHardDisk *this)
{ this->hardDisk.Operation = NULL;
}
ToshibaHardDisk代碼示例:
toshiba_hard_disk.h:
#ifndef TOSHIBA_HARD_DISK_H #define TOSHIBA_HARD_DISK_H #include "hard_disk.h" struct ToshibaHardDisk { struct HardDisk hardDisk; }; // 構(gòu)造函數(shù) void ToshibaHardDisk(struct ToshibaHardDisk *this); // 析構(gòu)函數(shù) void _ToshibaHardDisk(struct ToshibaHardDisk *this); #endif
toshiba_hard_disk.c:
#include "toshiba_hard_disk.h" #include "stdio.h" void ToshibaOperation(struct ToshibaHardDisk *this) { printf("這是 Toshiba 硬盤\n");
} void ToshibaHardDisk(struct ToshibaHardDisk *this) { this->hardDisk.Operation = (void(*)(struct HardDisk *))ToshibaOperation;
} void _ToshibaHardDisk(struct ToshibaHardDisk *this)
{ this->hardDisk.Operation = NULL;
}
HardDiskFactory代碼示例:
hard_disk_factory.h:
#ifndef HARD_DISK_FACTORY_H #define HARD_DISK_FACTORY_H #include "hard_disk.h" enum HARD_DISK_SUPPLIER_E {
HARD_DISK_SUPPLIER_SEAGATE,
HARD_DISK_SUPPLIER_TOSHIBA
}; struct HardDiskFactory { struct HardDisk* (*Create)(struct HardDiskFactory *this, enum HARD_DISK_SUPPLIER_E supplier); void (*Destroy)(struct HardDiskFactory *this,
struct HardDisk* hardDisk);
}; // 構(gòu)造函數(shù) void HardDiskFactory(struct HardDiskFactory *this); // 析構(gòu)函數(shù) void _HardDiskFactory(struct HardDiskFactory *this); #endif
hard_disk_factory.c:
#include "hard_disk_factory.h" #include "seagate_hard_disk.h" #include "toshiba_hard_disk.h" #include "stdio.h" #include "stdlib.h" struct HardDisk *Create(struct HardDiskFactory *this, enum HARD_DISK_SUPPLIER_E supplier) { switch (supplier) { case HARD_DISK_SUPPLIER_SEAGATE:
{ struct SeagateHardDisk *seagateHardDisk = NULL; if ((seagateHardDisk = malloc(sizeof(struct SeagateHardDisk))) == NULL) { printf("fail in malloc\n"); return NULL;
}
SeagateHardDisk(seagateHardDisk); return (struct HardDisk *)seagateHardDisk;
} case HARD_DISK_SUPPLIER_TOSHIBA:
{ struct ToshibaHardDisk *toshibaHardDisk = NULL; if ((toshibaHardDisk = malloc(sizeof(struct ToshibaHardDisk))) == NULL) { printf("fail in malloc\n"); return NULL;
}
ToshibaHardDisk(toshibaHardDisk); return (struct HardDisk *)toshibaHardDisk;
} default: printf("未知的供應(yīng)商\n"); return NULL;
}
} void Destroy(struct HardDiskFactory *this, struct HardDisk* hardDisk) { if (hardDisk != NULL) { free(hardDisk);
}
} // 構(gòu)造函數(shù) void HardDiskFactory(struct HardDiskFactory *this) { this->Create = Create; this->Destroy = Destroy;
} // 析構(gòu)函數(shù) void _HardDiskFactory(struct HardDiskFactory *this)
{ this->Create = NULL; this->Destroy = NULL;
}
客戶端代碼示例:
#include "hard_disk.h" #include "hard_disk_factory.h" #include "stddef.h" void main() { struct HardDisk *hardDisk = NULL; struct HardDiskFactory hardDiskFactory; HardDiskFactory(&hardDiskFactory); // 創(chuàng)建 seagate 硬盤對象 hardDisk = hardDiskFactory.Create(&hardDiskFactory, HARD_DISK_SUPPLIER_SEAGATE); // 使用 seagate 硬盤對象 hardDisk->Operation(hardDisk); // 銷毀 seagate 硬盤對象 hardDiskFactory.Destroy(&hardDiskFactory, hardDisk); // 創(chuàng)建 toshiba 硬盤對象 hardDisk = hardDiskFactory.Create(&hardDiskFactory, HARD_DISK_SUPPLIER_TOSHIBA); // 使用 seagate 硬盤對象 hardDisk->Operation(hardDisk); // 銷毀 toshiba 硬盤對象 hardDiskFactory.Destroy(&hardDiskFactory, hardDisk);
_HardDiskFactory(&hardDiskFactory);
}
客戶端顯示示例:
./hard_disk
這是 Seagate 硬盤
這是 Toshiba 硬盤
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